Archaeologists strike gold in quest to find Queen of Sheba's wealth

The Observer- A British excavation has struck archaeological gold with a discovery that may solve the mystery of where the Queen of Sheba of biblical legend derived her fabled treasures. Almost 3,000 years ago, the ruler of Sheba, which spanned modern-day Ethiopia and Yemen, arrived in Jerusalem with vast quantities of gold to give to King Solomon. Now an enormous ancient goldmine, together with the ruins of a temple and the site of a battlefield, have been discovered in her former territory. Louise Schofield, an archaeologist and former British Museum curator, who headed the excavation on the high Gheralta plateau in northern Ethiopia, said: "One of the things I've always loved about archaeology is the way it can tie up with legends and myths. The fact that we might have the Queen of Sheba's mines is extraordinary." An initial clue lay in a 20ft stone stele (or slab) carved with a sun and crescent moon, the "calling card of the land of Sheba", Schofield said. "I crawled beneath the stone – wary of a 9ft cobra I was warned lives here – and came face to face with an inscription in Sabaean, the language that the Queen of Sheba would have spoken." And here is the rest of it.

አፍን ቢይዙት ዓይን ይናገራል!

በጌቱ ጥበበ- በዕለት ተዕለት ግላዊና ማኅበራዊ ሕይወት የሚያጋጥም ማንኛውንም አጋጣሚ፣ አሳብንና ውሳጣዊ ስሜትን ደስታንና ኀዘንን ማግኘትና ማጣትን ተስፈኛነትንና ተስፋ ቢስነትን ለሁለተኛና ለሦስተኛ ወገን መግለጥ ማንጸባረቅ ማጋራት ሰውን ከሌሎች ሥጋዊና ደማዊ ፍጥረቶች ልዩ ከሚያደርጉት ሰብአዊ ባሕርዮቹ መካከል አንዱና ምናልባትም የራሱ የሆነ ሥርዓትና መለያ ጠባያት ላሉት የሰው ልጅ ኑሮ ከመብልና ከመጠጥ ቀጥሎ አስፈላጊና ወሳኝ ከሆኑት ሰብአዊ ፍላጎቶች ቀዳሚውን ሥፍራ የሚይዝ የመሠረታዊ ፍላጎቶች ሁሉ ማግኛ ማጣፈጫ ማዋሀጃና ማስፈጸሚያ መሣሪያ ነው። ሰው በተፈጥሮ የተሰጠውን ልዩ የማሰብ ችሎታ ተጠቅሞ መጥፎም ይሁን ጥሩ በየጊዜው ለዓለማችን እንግዳ የሆኑ ነገሮችን አምጥቷል፤ የአኗኗር ስልቱንና ይዘቱንም በየጊዜው በማሻሻል ተፈጥሮን በሚገባ መጠቀምና የጥንት ሰዎች ይኖሩት ከነበረው አኗኗር እጅግ የተሻለና የተደራጀ ቀላልና ምቹ ኑሮ ለመኖር ችሏል። ማሰብ እስካልተቋረጠ ድረስ በሰው ልጆች አኗኗር የሚታየው መሻሻልና መደላደል አይቋረጥም ፧ በእያንዳንዱ አዲስ ቀን ዓለም የሰው ልጅ አሳብና ዕውቀት ውጤቶች የሆኑ ብዙ አዳዲስ ነገሮችን እንደ ገጸ በረከት ስትቀበል ትኖራለች።

ማሰብ ለሰው ልጆች ኑሮ መለወጥ ማደግና መበልጸግ ያበረከተውን አቻ የሌለው አስተዋጽኦ፣ ማሰብ አለመቻል ደግሞ ለእንስሳት ኑሮ አለመለወጥ የተጫወተውን ሚና እንመልከት፧ሰው ሰው ነበረ አሁንም ሰው ነው ማሰቡ ግን “የሚያስብ እንስሳ” የሚለውን ስያሜ ውሸት አድርጎ ምናልባትም “ልዩና ድንቅ ፍጥረት” ሊባል የሚችልበት የኑሮ እድገት ደረጃ ላይ እንዲደርስ ረድቶታል፤ እንስሳት ግን አሁንም እንስሳት ብቻ ናቸው ኑሯቸውም ያው የጥንቱ መተኛት መነሣት መብላት መጠጣት ትናንትም ዛሬም አቀርቅሮ ሳር መንጨት! ይሁን እንጂ ማሰብ ብቻውን የሰውን ሁለንተናዊ ሁኔታ ለመለወጥና ለማሻሻል በቂ አይደለም አሳብን መግለጥ ማካፈል መቻል ሌላው አስፈላጊው ነገር ነው እንደውም አሳቡን መግለጥ ባይችል ኖሮ ሰው ከአንድ ጊዜ በላይ ሊያስብ አይችልም ነበር፤ ካልተናገረው ምን ሊፈይድለት በማሰብ ይደክማል? ልክ እንደ እንስሳት መብላት መጠጣት ሆድ ሲሞላ መቦረቅ ሲጎድል መኮራመት በቃ ሕይወቱ ኑሮው እንዲህ ባለ ትርጉም አልባ ሂደት ሊወሰንና ለዛ ቃና ጣዕም የለሽ ሊሆን ግድ ይሆን ነበር። አሳቡን መግለጥ በመቻሉ ግን ማሰብን መደበኛ ሥራው አድርጎ ሁሌ ያስባል ያቅዳል ይመራመራል እንግዲህ ቀላልና ምቹ ኖሮ ለመኖር ያገዙት የቴክኖሎጂ ውጤቶች የማሰብ ብቻ ሳይሆኑ አሳብን መግለጥ የመቻል ፍሬዎች ናቸው። እንደ ማሰብ ሁሉ አሳብን መግለጥም በተፈጥሮ የተገኘ ሀብትና ሰው ሁሉ ከሌላ ወገን ፈቃድና ስምምነት ሳያስፈልገው በራሱ ፍላጎትና ተነሣሽነት ሊከውነው የሚችለው የተፈጥሮ መብት ነው፥ በርግጥ አሳብ ሁሉ ጠቃሚና ትክክል ነው ሊባል አይችልም ትክክል ያልሆነንም አሳብ ማስተጋባት ምናልባት ከአሳቢው አልፎ በሌሎች ወገኖች አስተሳሰብና እምነት ላይ አሉታዊ ተጽዕኖ አያሳድርም ማለት አያስደፍርም፥ አሳብን በአሳብ ማረም ማስተካከል የበተከውን አስተሳሰብ በነጠረ አመለካከት ማቃናት ሲቻል ለምን አሰብክ ለምን ተናገርክ ማለት ግን የሰውን ተፈጥሮአዊ መብት የሚገፍ ጸያፍ ተግባር ነው። ይህን የመሰለ አመለካከት ጎልቶ የሚታየው ራሳቸውን በፈጣሪ ቦታ አስቀምጠው ሰውን ያህል ክቡር ፍጡር እንደ እንስሳት እነርሱ በፈለጉት ሁኔታ ብቻ ለመንዳት ከሚፈልጉ ፈርዖናዊ አንጎል በተሸከሙ አልያም የተሻለ ማሰብና አሳብን በአሳብ የማሸነፍ አቅም ችሎታና ትዕግሥት እንደሌላቸው አምነው ክብራቸውን ዝናቸውንና ጥቅማቸውን ለማስጠበቅ ያላቸው ብቸኛ አማራጭ ማሰብንና አሳብን መግለጽን መዋጋት እንደሆነ በሚያምኑ ደካሞች ሰዎች ነው። የእነዚህን ሰዎች ውጥንቅጥና ውል አልባ ጠባይ መተረክ አይከብድም ፍላጎታቸውን በትክክል መረዳትና እንዲህ ነው ብሎ መናገር ግን ያስቸግራል፥ አሳብንና አሳቢን ለሥልጣኔ ለጥቅሜ አደገኛ ነው ብለው ሲያሳድዱ ሲታዩ ራስወዳድ ሊመስሉ ይችላሉ በርግጥ ራሳቸውንስ ቢሆን ይወዳሉ? ተብሎ ሲጠየቅ ግን ርሳቸውን መውደዳቸውም አጠራጣሪ ነው ምክንያቱም በቀን ሦስት አራት ጊዜ ሲበሉ ቢያንስ አንድ ጊዜ እንኳ ቢያስቡ አሳብን እንደ ገጸ በረከት በደስታ ተቀብለው ተፈትሾ ተሞክሮ ጠቃሚ ሆኖ ቢገኝ በውጤቱ ለመጠቀም ይጓጉ ነበር እንጂ እንደ ተስቦ ፈርተው ወደ ውስጣቸው እንዳይዘልቅ የልባቸውን በር አይዘጉም አሳቢዎችንም እንደገጸ በረከት አቅራቢ ፍቅርና አክብሮትን ይቸሯቸው ነበር እንጂ እንደ መርዘኛ ጠላት አያሳድዷቸውም ነበር። 

የጥንቱ ጠበብቶች መርከብና ድልድይ እንሥራ ሲሉ መሪዎቻቸው ለመንግሥታችን አደገኛ ነው ብለው ከልክለዋቸው ቢሆን ኖሮ የቅርብ ጊዜዎቹም ሳይንቲስቶች አይሮፕላንና ባቡር እናምርት ሲሉ አስተዳዳሪዎቻቸው ተንኮለኞች ናችሁ ብለው ቀጥተዋቸው ቢሆን እነርሱም እኛም እንደ ጥንቱ በበቅሎና በፈረስ ጀርባ ተንጠልጥለን እንቀር ነበር እንጂ ምቾቱ በተጠበቀ የአየር የባሕርና የየብስ መጓጓዣ መንፈላለስ አንችልም ነበር፤ እንግዲህ ኑሮን ጣር ያልበዛበት ቀላልና ምቹ ለማድረግ እነዚህን የቴክኖሎጂ ውጤቶች ያስገኙ ጠበብቶች ማሰብና አሳብን መግለጽ ሳይፈቀድላቸው ቀርቶ ፎርሙላቸውን በጭንቅላታቸው እንደያዙ ቢሞቱ ኖሮ ይህን የመሰለ ጠቃሚና አስፈላጊ ነገር ሳናገኝ እንቀር እንደነበር አስተውሉ። ይህን እንደምሳሌ ጠቀስኩኝ እንጂ በማንኛውም ዘርፍ የሚደረግ የአሳብ መንሸራሸር ለሀገርና ለማኅበረሰባዊ እመርታ አሌ የማይባል ጠቀሜታ አለው። ታዲያ ለራሳቸውም ሆነ ለሌላው ሰብአዊ ፍጡር የተሻለ ነገር ለማምጣት የሚጠቅሙ አዳዲስ አሳቦችን የሚጻረሩ መሪዎች ሀገራቸውንና ወገኖቻቸውን አይደለም ራሳቸውን ይወዳሉ ማለት አስቸጋሪ ነው፤ የማይጠረቃ ሆዳቸውን ለመሙላት የዕለት ዳቧቸውን ከማብሰል በቀር ለነጋቸው እንኳ የማያስቡ የተሻለ ነገር የተሻለ ጊዜ ለውጥ የማይናፍቃቸው በማመንና በማሳመን ከሚገኝ አንጻራዊ ሰላም ይልቅ በኃይልና በአፈና የሚሸቀጥ ጊዜያዊ ጸጥታ የሚያረካቸው ልበ ደንዳኖች ናቸው። መቼም ስለማንና ስለምን እንደምናገር ለአንባቢ የሚሠወር አይመስለኝም አዎን ከኢትዮጵያውያን አልፎ ለዓለማቀፉ ማኅበረሰብ አሳሳቢ የሆነው በሀገራችን የመጻፍና የመናገር መብት ድፍን ብሎ መጥፋትና ለሀገርና ለወገን ይበጃሉ የሚሏቸውን አሳቦች የሚያፈልቁና ለሕዝብ የሚያካፍሉ ዜጎች እየታደኑ መታሠርና በእሥር ቤት መማቀቅ- ስለዚህ ጉዳይ ነው። 

ምሁራን ጋዜጠኞች የሲቪል ማኅበራትና የፖለቲካ ፓርቲዎች መሪዎችና አባላት ወዘተ በመንግሥት አስተዳደርና ፖሊሲ ላይ ያላቸውን ቅሬታ የሚገልጹ ከሙስናና ከዘረኝነት የጸዳና የይስሙላ ዲሞክራሲ ሳይሆን ሊተገበር የሚችል እውነተኛ ዲሞክራሲ የሰፈነበት የሰከነ አስተዳደር ለማምጣት በትምህርትና ከሌሎች ሀገሮች ተሞክሮ የቀሰሙትን በጎ አሳብ የሚለግሡ ዜጎች ሁሉ አሸባሪ የሚል ስም እየተለጠፈባቸው በእስርና እንግልት መሠቃየታቸው ያልተያዙትም ለስደት መዳረጋቸው ተባብሶ መቀጠሉን ዓለም ካወቀው ሰነባብቷል ተጽፏል ተተንትኗል እስካሁን ግን በመንግሥት በኩል የተለሳለሰ ሁኔታ አልታየም የዓለምአቀፍ የሰብአዊ መብት ተከራካሪዎችን ሪፖርት ተመልክቶ ለምን እንዴት ብሎ በመንግሥት ላይ ተጽዕኖ ለማድረግ አንድ ርምጃ የተራመደ ዓለማቀፋዊ ኅብረት ወይም መንግሥትም የለም፤ ነገሩን አተኩረው ሲያዩት መንግሥት የተነፈሰውን ሁሉ እንዲያስር እንዲያሠቃይ ዜጎች ደግሞ እንደ እንስሳት የራሳችን አሳብ ሳይኖረን ለሥልጣናቸው የጊዜ ገደብ በሌላቸው መሪዎች አሳብ ብቻ እየተነዳን እንድንኖር የተፈረደብን ይመስላል፤ ኧረ ለመሆኑ ማሰብ አሳብን መግለጽ ወንጀል መሆኑ አብቅቶ ስለሀገራችን ስለኑሮአችን በነጻነት የማሰብ የማቀድና የመወያየት ተፈጥሮአዊና የዜግነት መብታችን የሚከበረው መቼ ይሆን? እንስሳት ተፈጥሮ ዝም ባታሰኛቸው አጎንብሰው ባይቀሩና ቀና ብለው አካባቢያቸውን በአግባቡ ማስተዋል ቢችሉ ኖሮ ለምን ሣር ብቻ በመጋጥ እንወሰናለን ብለው ማሰብ በጀመሩ አሳባቸውንም ተገላልጸው ሌላው ቢቀር ተጨማሪ ምግብ ለራሳቸው ባገኙ ምናልባትም ከሣርና ከድርቆሽ የተሻለ! እኛም አቀርቅረን ዝም እንድንል ተገደን ባንኖር ማሰብ በቻልን አስበን አስበን አሳባችንም በነጻነት ተገላልጸን የሰላምና የምጣኔ ሀብት እድገት እንቅፋቶች የሆኑትን ነገሮችና ሁሉ ከላያችን አራግፈን የሀገራችንን ዕድገት ተጽፎ የሚነበብ ብቻ ሳይሆን በዓይን የሚታይ ማድረግ ኑሯችንን በራሳችን ዕውቀት አቅምና የተፈጥሮ ሀብት የሚታይና የሚዳሰስ አማናዊ ማድረግ በቻልን ነበር። 

አሳብ ሲታፈን አሳቢዎች ሲኰነኑ እድገትና ልማት አብረው እንደታፈኑ በቀላሉ ሊገኝ ይችል የነበረ የተሻለ ኑሮና ስኬት እንደተጨናገፈ ማስተዋል ያስፈልጋል። በርግጥ ኢትዮጵያችን ብታድግ ብትለማ ሰላምና መረጋጋት ቢሰፍንባት ዜጎች ተከባብረውና ተፈቃቅረው ያለልዩነት በእኩልነት ቢኖሩባት መሪዎች የሚያጡት ነገር ይኖር ይሆን? ለእኔ እንደ ዜግነቴ የሚታየኝ የግለሰቦቹ ብቻ ሳይሆኑ የመላው ኅብረተሰብና የሀገሪቱ እድገትና የሰላሟ ተቀናቃኞች ሆነው ነው! እና እስከመቼ በፀረ ኢትዮጵያ አስተሳሰብና አቋም የኢትዮጵያና የኢትዮጵያውያን ድምጽና እስትንፋስ ታፍኖ ይኖራል እስከመቼ መናገር ወንጀል ሆኖ ያስገርፋል? እንደዚህ ዓይነቱ ቅጥ ያጣ አፈና በቃ ሊባል ይገባዋል ዕድገታችንና ልማታችን ከአሳቢ ዜጎቻችን ጋር መታሠራቸው ሊቆም ይገባል ይህን የሕዝብ የልብ ትርታ ሁሉም ሊያስተጋባውና ዓለማቀፉም ኅብረተሰብ ድምጻችንን ሰምቶ ለሰብአዊ መብታችን መከበርና በእስር ለሚሠቃዩ ት ወገኖቻችን መፈታት ከሕዝቡ ጐን እንዲቆሙ ሰብአዊ መብትን ለሚጥስ መንግሥት ምንም ዓይነት ድጋፍ መስጠት እየተጐዳ ላለው ምስኪን ሕዝብ መሠቃየት ተባባሪ መሆን እንደሆነ ዐውቀው ድጋፍ መስጠታቸውን አቁመው በቃህ እንዲሉት ድምጽን ማሰማት ያስፈልጋል።ድምጻችንን ስሙን ዝምታችንንም አዳምጡ አፍ ባይናገርም ልብም እኮ ይናገራል ዝምታም እኮ ይመሰክራል ስሙን አዳምጡን እንበላቸው። ኢትዮጵያ ለዘላለም ትኑር!

The Scramble for Ethiopia's Land

Translated from Le Monde by Ethiomedia Rich soil, a tropical climate, and an abundance of water: the region of Gambela in the west of the country is fertile. Foreign investors are renting thousands of hectares of it to develop intensive agriculture without regard for the environment and the population. A few kilometers before the village of Ilya, in western Ethiopia, the forest abruptly gives way to a tortured landscape where knocked down stumps and grassy islands emerge in the middle of broad savage cuts to the rich black soil stripped by clearing operations. "Welcome to the 100,000 hectare Karuturi farm," says the sign planted along the trail. In 2010, the global market leader in cut roses, the Indian group, Karuturi Global, signed an agreement with Ethiopia to lease 100,000 hectares of land in Gambela, with an option for an additional 200,000 hectares. The nine page document, available on the Internet, fixes the rent Karuturi paiys at 20 Ethiopian Birrs (0,90 Euro) per hectare, per year for fifty years. That’s standard for this kind of contract. Ethiopia – and the region of Gambela in particular – is the site of a real competition for arable land. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) call the phenomenon “land grabbing”. It’s when mostly foreign investors purchase or lease hundreds of thousands of hectares at a low price and it’s become widespread in Africa, but also in Asia, Latin America and in Eastern Europe. “We prefer to talk of land development,” says Birinder Singh, the Indian manager in charge of Karuturi’s operations in Ethiopia, from his office in Addis Ababa, located in a brand new office building. “We contribute to the development of the country through exporting and returning currency, or producing food for the local market.” In Gambela, which some have renamed “Karuturiland”, the land used by the Indian group extends as far as the eye can see around Ilya to the left bank of the Baro River whose waters end in the Nile. Karuturi plans to cultivate rice, corn, sugarcane and palm oil. But the 80 km of dikes built to contain the Baro failed: 20,000 hectares of maize, the first harvest expected by Karuturi, were destroyed in October by flooding. The company estimates the loss at 11 million Euros. Since then the company’s turned to Dutch and Indian experts to rethink their water management operations and create a variety of dikes. But Sai Ramakrishna Karuturi, the young owner of the company, who claimed not long ago he wants “food to feed the world”, provokes scepticism in other investors. They believe that his aims are essentially speculative. "Karuturi is doing all it shouldn’t do, "says François Achour, a Frenchman working for a German investment fund. The last example dates back to October, when the clearing of a wooded area caused a clash with the residents of Ilya. “When we heard the machines, we immediately went to stop them,” says an official from the village. “What’s happening is not good for us. They are destroying the forests where we look for wood and where each year we hunt antelopes and wild pigs.” The villagers are already struggling to find wood to cover their traditional boxes decorated with beautiful geometric patterns; some plan to use corrugated metal as a replacement. Before this spontaneous uprising of protest, the regional government convened a meeting where they decided?to save the disputed area. Now, every Saturday, an information session is held to bring together representatives of the company and the village. According to the latter, Karuturi, whose base camp on the other sides of the road is surrounded by wire fencing, has promised the villagers electrical generators. The Gambela region is far from most everything, including the concerns of Ethiopia’s central government: Addis Ababa is a fifteen-hour drive away, and only three weekly flights link the capital to the region. Its position at the foot of the Ethiopian high lands with Sudan to the south, as well as its tropical climate, makes it a world apart. Its sparse population (307,000 people on 30,000 km2, a territory the size of Belgium) is mainly composed of Anuaks and of Nuer, of Nilotic origin whose relations with those they contemptuously call the "Highlanders" (people of highlands) are strained. Singled out by the NGO, Human Right Watch, the Ethiopian army has always denied responsibility for the massacre of hundreds of Anuaks in Gambela in 2003. But this new El Dorado has three advantages: its incredibly fertile soil, its hot sun, and especially, its water, which flows in abundance from the high plateaus. This explains the enthusiasm of investors: according to the regional government, 7 foreign entrepreneurs (4 Indians, 2 Chinese, and 1 Saudi) as well as about 300 Ethiopian investors – on the surface modest numbers – rent land there. This has meant massive deforestation. Saudi Star, owned by the wealthy Ethiopian-born millionaire, Sheikh Mohammed Al-Amoudi, plans to covert 10,000 hectares – and perhaps one day up to 130, 000 hectares to rice fields. He acknowledges they’ll have to cut down about 100,000 trees, but he says they plan to replant one million. A third of the area (830,000 hectares) has been placed in a “federal land bank” so investors can begin working it and this is changing the face of the area. Huge empty spaces and cultivated fields have replaced the tropical foliage and tall grasses. Cotton fields, cultivated primarily by Ethiopian investors (only one of whom is from the region) now line the track between Gambela and Abodo, making the area feel like the American “deep south”. Dirt roads have been drawn in the bush to allow for the movement of heavy trucks which kick up clouds of dust. Using a branch, Muhammad Manzoor Khan scratches the surface of the ground at the foot of a tree. "Look at this land, it has everything you need, everything grows! Why are the people here hungry?” cries the distinguished looking 69-year old Pakistani agronomist in charge of Saudi Star’s operations in the Gambela region. According to the World Food Programme (WFP), almost a third of the population of the region receives food aid. Saudi Star’s goal is to produce 1 million tons of high quality rice each year, two thirds of which will be exported to the Middle East and Saudi Arabia. To ensure the irrigation of the rice paddies, a canal dug in the 1980s by the Soviets - then abandoned - is being extended. Its speed will be 22m3 per second taken from a large water reservoir near Abobo. Land rental contracts provide no limit to the use of natural resources. Activity around the canal is intense; heavy machinery is working in the rice paddies and combines are reaping the first harvest on a test area of 112 hectares. Under the blazing sun, Pakistani experts supervise dozens of Ethiopian labourers. “The rains have been very late, the soil is muddy and the machines are having unusual problems.” acknowledges one of the technicians, Habib Ur Rahman. Two kilometres away, several hundred tractors and agricultural machines are waiting for the day when operations will be at full capacity. “There are 89 million dollars [68 million Euros] here,” says Muhammad Manzoor Khan. Two camps called Alphaet Bravo have been constructed in the middle of the savannah. They have prefabricated offices, living spaces and rooms for the Pakistani experts and Swedish workers who are digging the canal. The Ethiopians, who are in skilled jobs, mostly machine operators, are also housed there. Day labourers, like the women employed in the small rice bleaching unit, make their way each day by bus from Abodo, located 20 kilometres away. “We get paid 25 Birrs [1.10 Euro] each day,” says a women who’s in water up to her knees planting rice. “We have asked again and again for increases but without success.” Saudi Star anticipates enough work for 3000 to 4000 Ethiopians when their project reaches its cruising speed, while Karuturi today mentions 20000 future jobs – after have having dangled the prospect of 60000. For the time being, there are, at most, a few hundred jobs investors have created in the region. Ruchi Group, an Indian company that rents 25000 hectares on the other side of the canal to Saudi Star, has just made its first harvest of soybeans, a legume foreign to this land. Today, they employ 11 Ethiopian contract workers paid between 2500 and 4500 Birrs [110 – 195 Euros] a month who are supervised by seven Indian experts. The day labourers, as well as the security guards who ensure their safety, are provided at the request of the local authorities. Ruchi Group says it wants to involve local farmers in the project. “We offered to help them get into the cultivation of soybeans,” says Lankella Manohar, a 38 year old agronomist who left his wife and children in India to grow oilseeds in the Ethiopian savannah. “They don’t need machines; two oxen are sufficient. We’ll provide them with seeds and tools this first year, a few tips, and then we’ll buy their crop.” Ruchi Group says it plans to open a soybean oil manufacturing plant in the town of Gambela where there is currently no industry. This would create 1500 direct and 2000 indirect jobs and brighten the eyes of regional government officials. "But there are very few jobs for indigenous people," says an Anuak for whom anonymity is “a matter of life or death." “The jobs are taken by the ‘highlanders’. The forests, vital for villagers, who used them for medicinal plants, roots and wild fruits in times of scarcity and took refuge in them if needed, are disappearing. It’s a way of dispossessing us...” Since the fall of Haile Selassie in 1975, the land has belonged to the state which doesn’t recognize customary laws or rights of usage. Without necessarily being inhabited, land leased to investors could be used by residents for collecting firewood, for grazing herds, or for periodic crops by farmers who practiced land rotation. In this region, the issue of land-grabbing collides with the program of “villagization” which aims to relocate 45,000 homes to settlements with basic health and education services by 2013. It’s a controversial plan, which could conceal the government’s true intentions of freeing up arable land to rent to investors. However, in a 2011 report on the question of land leasing in Ethiopia, the NGO the Oakland Institute “found no evidence of population displacement directly attributable to the activities of investment in land.” South of Gambela, around the trails that lead to the land leased by Saudi Star and Ruchi Group, there’s no visible trace of recent human occupation. “There’s been no population displacement, these were virgin lands,” insists Tesfaye Mulugeta, the very zealous Public Relations Manager for the regional government. “Our peasants have neither the means to invest nor the know how to exploit it. Say it in your articles, tell the truth: these lands weren’t being used by anyone and the investors are our partners on the path to development. We need them.” Saudi Star says it plans to invest 1.5 billion Euros in its rice project, while Karuturi estimates the cost of cultivation of one hectare at 1500 Euros. But what significance do such amounts have for the villagers practicing subsistence agriculture, vaguely concerned about the arrival of intensive agriculture at their door? "The lands we cultivated were sold by the county to an investor in Ethiopia” says a maize farmer from the village of Perbongo, nestled in the forest. “The government assigned us new land, but we’re afraid one day they’ll decide to rent it and tell us to leave for good.” Everything in the past attests to this: in these types of transactions, consultation and information sharing with the population does not happen. Green gold fuels the greed of speculators The annual growth rate of the farming sector, in Ethiopia, is more than 11 %, according to official figures. The allure of “green gold” has not waned and the government of Meles Zenawi has opened wide the doors of the country to foreign investors. "They rolled out the red carpet" says Indian businessman Sai Ramakrishna Karuturi. Tax and customs exemptions, insignificant rental prices for land, unlimited use of natural resources, not to mention cheap and plentiful labour; these assets are in addition to a stable political environment with a level of security rare in this part of the world. It’s why businessmen, Indian, Chinese, Arab, but also Westerners, are clamouring at the gate. The government estimates there are 74 million hectares of farmland in the country...15 million of which are currently being farmed. In the centre of Ethiopia you come across the representative of a New Zealand dairy company whose plan is to transport, by boat, thousands of cows over the ocean, feed them locally produced alfalfa, then flood the market for milk powder from Africa to India through the Middle East. Collateral Damage “It’s here that we must be, and it’s here that it happens,” says Francois Achour, the General Manager of Acazis, an Ethiopian subsidiary of a German company that has obtained the right to 50000 hectares near Harar in the east of the country to produce biofuels and peanut oil. “The deal is simple, Ethiopia says to us: I have workers and virgin lands, bring me money and technology.” But is there no other way for Ethiopia to convert its peasant agriculture – which today, for better or for worse, 85% of the population depends on for their livelihood – into intensive agriculture, given the social and environmental damage that is known? A reporter published in December 2011 by the International Land Coalition, a network of international institutions, research centres, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) found an overall negative impact from the “race for the Earth” on small farmers in the Global South. According to the report, the phenomenon concerns 203 million hectares of land worldwide, 71 million of which would be subject to firm contracts of lease or sale. About 20% of this land would actually be exploited as these investments are often speculative. It can also be to secure a food supply as in the case of Saudi Arabia. Companies in Ethiopia owned by Sheikh Mohammed Al-Amoudi, ranked the 63rd richest man in the world by Forbes magazine, export the majority of what they produce back to the Persian Gulf. “Our goal isn’t just to ensure food security for Saudi Arabia, but to get Ethiopia out of poverty,” says Nebiyu Samuel, advisor to the sheikh. “It’s a win-win strategy.” This could be the case if states were able to enforce existing land rights, impose counterbalances and dictate conditions of contract to the investors. But the Ethiopian example tends to show this is an illusion. “Monitoring of the implementation of contracts seems weak or non-existent,” says the Oakland Institute. They’ve only found only one case of inspection by the authorities and it involved an Ethiopian investor. The obligations laid down by the contracts for the rental of land are often vague and no penalty is provided for non-compliance. Companies are expected to submit a survey and environmental impact assessment within three months of signing the contract. The three companies contacted by Le Monde said they had done this. None were able to produce proof.

Meles Zenawi: Where the truth lies

By Janice Winter- Daily Maverick Daily Maverick’s The AU Summit: A rare ring of truth by Kevin Bloom lauds Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles Zenawi as being unique in speaking “trenchant truth” at an AU gathering in the 49 years since its establishment (initially the OAU). Taking exception to this interpretation, JANICE WINTER exposes where the truth lies. The speech in question was made at the inauguration of the new AU headquarters funded by China, where Meles Zenawi talked of an African renaissance underway, characterised by economic surges, social progress, improved governance, diminishing violence, the banishment of the one-party systems and the ability of Africans to make choices about their lives and societies. The 'evidence' Bloom cites for the veracity of Zenawi’s promises of African growth and development: the cranes he sees scattering Addis Ababa’s skyline, impressive buildings alongside the city’s informal settlements, and touted plans for an impressive transit system. These anecdotal observations are unfortunately not trustworthy snapshots of the health of the economy of the capital city, or Ethiopia more broadly. The cliché about how looks can deceive is particularly germane in informationally closed authoritarian societies. And here is the rest of it.

Ethiopia: Life sentence for blogger, prison for journalists

CPJ

New York, January 26, 2012--A U.S.-based journalist convicted on politicized terrorism charges in Ethiopia was sentenced to life in prison in absentia today, while two other Ethiopian journalists received heavy prison sentences in connection with their coverage of banned opposition groups, according to news reports.

Elias Kifle, exiled Ethiopian editor of the Washington-based opposition website Ethiopian Review, was handed a life sentence in absentia today, which followed a 2007 life sentence given to him also in absentia on charges of treason for his coverage of the government's brutal repression of 2005 post-election protests, CPJ research shows. A court in the capital, Addis Ababa, sentenced Reeyot Alemu, a columnist with the independent weekly Feteh, and Woubshet Taye, deputy editor of the now-defunct weekly Awramba Times, to 14 years in prison and 33,000 birrs (US$1,500), news reports said.
"The life sentence for Elias Kifle and the prison sentences for Reeyot Alemu and Woubshet Taye are based on their writings about political dissent. This verdict has little to do with justice," said CPJ Africa Advocacy Coordinator Mohamed Keita. "We condemn this politicized prosecution designed to cow critical voices into silence and call on the Supreme Court to reverse all the convictions."
The three journalists were charged in September with lending support to an underground network of banned opposition groups, which has been criminalized under the country's 2009 antiterrorism law. Alemu and Taye were arrested in June and held for weeks on government accusations of plotting to sabotage telephone and electricity lines before they were charged. In the trial, government prosecutors presented as evidence intercepted emails and phone calls between the journalists, as well as more than 25 Ethiopian Review articleson the activities of opposition groups, CPJ research shows.
Eskinder Nega, another Ethiopian blogger, has been imprisoned since September and could be sentenced to death if convicted of similar politicized terrorism charges in connection with his coverage of banned opposition groups.

EDITOR'S NOTE: The headline and text of the alert was changed to reflect that the U.S.-based blogger was given a life sentence, not the death penalty.

Ethiopia: Terrorism Verdict Quashes Free Speech

(Nairobi) - The Ethiopian Federal High Court on January 19, 2012, convicted three Ethiopian journalists, an opposition leader, and a fifth person under an anti-terrorism law that violates free expression and due process rights, Human Rights Watch said today. The Ethiopian government should immediately drop the case, release the defendants, and investigate their allegations of torture in detention. The journalists are Woubshet Taye Abebe of the now-closed weekly newspaper Awramba Times, Reeyot Alemu Gobebo of the weekly newspaper Feteh, and Elias Kifle, editor of the online Ethiopian Review, who was tried in absentia. An opposition leader, Zerihun Gebre-Egziabher Tadesse of the Ethiopian National Democratic Party, and a woman named Hirut Kifle Woldeyesus were also convicted. All five were convicted of conspiracy to commit terrorist acts, which carries a sentence of 15 years to life imprisonment or death, as well as of participating in a terrorist organization. They were also convicted of money laundering under the Ethiopian criminal code. Their sentencing is expected on January 26. “The verdict against these five people confirms that Ethiopia’s anti-terrorism law is being used to crush independent reporting and peaceful political dissent,” said Leslie Lefkow, senior Africa researcher at Human Rights Watch, “The Ethiopian courts are complicit in this political witch-hunt.” The case was marred by serious due process concerns. The defendants had no access to legal counsel during their three months in pretrial detention, and the court did not investigate their allegations of torture and mistreatment in detention. And here is the rest of it.

Ethiopia: Journalists, politician found guilty

By LUC VAN KEMENADE, Associated Press ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia (AP) — An Ethiopian court on Thursday found three journalists, a politician and a politician's assistant guilty of conspiring to commit acts of terrorism, in a case that drew rebukes from rights groups who fear the country's anti-terrorism law is being used to suppress dissent. The five were charged under Ethiopia's controversial anti-terrorism laws. Government spokesman Shimeles Kemal has said they were involved in planning attacks on infrastructure, telecommunications and power lines. Alemu Gobebo, a private lawyer and a father of one of the defendants, called the case politically motivated. The five will be sentenced Jan. 26. They could face the death penalty. Among the three journalist convicted were Reeyot Alemu, a columnist for the independent weekly Fetah and a former opposition member; Elias Kifle, editor-in-chief of a U.S.-based opposition website, who was tried in absentia; and Wubshet Taye, deputy editor-in-chief of the recently closed-down weekly newspaper Awramba Times. International rights groups have been calling for the release of the journalists. Ethiopia recently found two Swedish reporters guilty of supporting terrorism and sentenced them to 11 years in prison. And here is the rest of it.

Attack Stirs Ethiopia, Eritrea Tensions

By Solomon Moore: The Wall Street Journal
NAIROBI—Tensions rose between Ethiopia and Eritrea on Wednesday, after officials from the two hostile east African neighbors blamed each other for the killing of five European tourists along their border.

Ethiopian spokesman Bereket Simon said gunmen who carried out Monday's attack in the Afar region of northeastern Ethiopia, about 25 kilometers from the Eritrean border, near the active Erta Ale volcano, were members of "subversive groups trained and armed by the Eritrean government." He didn't offer evidence to support his claim.

Eritrea's foreign ministry called the accusation a "ludicrous" smear campaign, saying in a statement that Ethiopia has long been host to home-grown, armed opposition groups. Eritrean officials said the attack took place in Ethiopian territory, and is an Ethiopian matter.

A European official said a group of European tourists came under attack from an armed group between 1 a.m. and 5 a.m. local time on Monday. The official didn't identify the armed group or its affiliation. Ethiopian and European officials said several of the tourists were taken captive.

A representative of Diamir Adventure Travel of Dresden, Germany, confirmed that the company had been involved, but declined to provide details of the attack, the number of travelers affected or the victims' nationalities. European officials said the five dead included nationals from Germany, Austria and Hungary.

Twelve members of the tourist group had been rescued and were being flown by an Ethiopian helicopter to Addis Ababa, according to Theresa Schönfeld, a spokeswoman with Germany's Foreign Ministry, who confirmed that at least two Germans were killed by gunmen.
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The great Ethiopian land-grab: feudalism, leninism, neo-liberalism ... plus ça change

René Lefort

Courtesy of Gado Cartoons

Land in Ethiopia is being leased to agro-industry investors on very long terms and below market rates. The beneficiaries have good political connections. But then land has been the play-thing of centralising authoritarians throughout Ethiopia's recent history.  

Ethiopia is the world champion of “land grabbing” – the practice of renting out vast expanses of farmland to local and, in particular, foreign investors. In 2011, 3.5 million hectares were allocated, while the projected figure for 2015 is 7 million hectares, an area twice the size of Belgium.[i] By way of comparison, 12 million hectares are farmed by the same number of smallholders, who make up four-fifths of the Ethiopian workforce. It is not hard, then, to imagine the anticipated leap forward in agricultural output, especially given that the productivity of these new mechanised farms should be much greater than that of traditional peasant farmers. As a first approximation, medium sized yields and export of just half of their production should, in the medium term, bring in about US$ 10 billion in foreign currencies, at a time when the deficit in the balance of payments is the Achilles heel of the Ethiopian economy and its GDP currently stands at US$ 30 billion.

And here is the rest of it.

Ethiopia: OLF drops secession, embraces Ethiopian unity

By Abebe Gelaw

Washington DC (ESAT)– The Oromo Liberation Front has announced its historic decision to drop its long-held secessionist agenda and to embrace the unity of Ethiopia under a genuine federal arrangement that must guarantee the rights, equality and liberty of all Ethiopians.

In a historic press release, the OLF, led by Brigadier General Kemal Gelchu, issued at the conclusion of its extraordinary National Council plenary, held on December 30 and 31 in Minnesota, the front spelt out its new vision in an unprecedented clarity. The meeting was also open to any non-Oromo Ethiopians for the first time.

 

 

According to the press release, the OLF National Council has examined the struggle of the Oromo people, the political program of the front, the prevailing conditions that the Ethiopian people suffer under the dictatorship of Meles Zenewi and the necessity of working with all democratic forces in Ethiopian to end the untold misery of Ethiopians under the tyrannical regime.

“The OLF National Council also focused on the timely demand of working with other democratic forces in forming the new Ethiopia that will guarantee and protect the fundamental rights of all peoples in Ethiopia. The new social contract will and should be based on the free will and consent of all peoples in Ethiopia. The previous style that claims “I know for you” should be abolished and replaced with a new vision that is based on peoples’ consent and free will,” the release stated.

The historic statement further noted that OLF would struggle not only for the Oromo people but also the people of Ethiopia suffering under the tyranny and oppression of the TPLF regime. “To fulfill this vision and play crucial roles, not only for the Oromo people, but for all Ethiopian people, the OLF National Council pursuant to the power vested to it by the OLF National Congress effectively amended the OLF political program today, January 1, 2012,” the front said.

The release underscored the fact that the revised OLF political program will “accept the new federal democratic republic of Ethiopia that will work for the betterment of all of its citizens, neighboring countries and international communities.” It also said that the OLF would honor and respect the decisions of the Ethiopian people would make exercising their will under the new federal republic of Ethiopia.

OLF also urged all democratic forces to work in tandem to make Ethiopia a common home for all its people. It also called on the international community to desist from supporting the tyrannical regime of Meles Zenawi that is “engaged in terrorizing the Ethiopian people, selling the precious resources of the country to the highest bidders, and the government that does not respect the principles of democracy, human rights and rule of law.”

In an interview with ESAT Radio, Dr. Nuro Dedefo, OLF Executive Committee member, has explained that the front has charted out a new vision based on the reality on the ground. He said the new vision of the OLF aspires to liberate the Ethiopian people from the brutal minority rule of the TPLF and establish a new democratic Ethiopia based on the free will of the people to live, work and set up a common country for all. He pointed out that previously OLF used to advocate for the establishment of an Oromo state. As per its new vision, OLF now aspires to establish one country with other Ethiopians, he explained.

Dr. Nuro also underscored that OLF rejects the bogus federal arrangement that has imposed the hegemony of the TPLF on the rest of Ethiopia. According to Dr. Nuro, the OLF wants a real and genuine federal system which clearly shows that OLF broken with the past and embraced Ethiopian unity. “In order to change the racist minority rule of the TPLF and form a new Ethiopia that will be free from absence of the rule of law and rampant abuse of citizens… OLF is ready to work with all Ethiopian democratic forces,” he declared.

He noted that TPLF’s so-called federal arrangement has been designed to divide and rule the people of Ethiopia and impose its hegemony using its servile puppets and messengers. Dr. Nuro has underlined that that OLF’s new vision will put an end to TPLF’s propaganda against OLF, which it tried to present as a secessionist force. “That will put the scheme in the coffin once and for all,” he said.

The OLF official also called upon fellow Ethiopians to work with the OLF in a spirit of trust in order to establish the new Ethiopia, where democracy, justice, respect for human rights and rule of law will be the founding values.

Dr. Nuro told ESAT that the meeting, which was also open for non-Oromo Ethiopians, was exciting to so many Ethiopians that have already endorsed OLF’s new vision that it adopted to end dictatorship, suffering and lawlessness in Ethiopia once and for all in collaboration with any democratic forces.